ADP (Adenosine diphosphate)   This substance is produced during muscle contraction. It is reformed when the muscle relaxes.

Alanine   Is a non essential amino acid that is released from muscle and used for glucose synthesis and energy production in the liver.

Alfalfa   Is a nutrient-rich mineral supplement food with roots that can grow as much as 130 feet into the earth. It contains Calcium, Magnesium , Phosphorous, Potassium and Vitamins

Aloe Vera   Aloe prepartations are derived from the leaf gel and the juice of a cactus-like subgroup of the lily family with some 300 species, among them Aloe Vera. The gel from the inner leaf is applied externally to soothe skin, help heal burns and promote cell repair. When taken internally, the gel and juice help promote healthy lower intestinal function. Herbal Aloe Drink combines the goodness of aloe, with a delicious citrus twist for a healthy digestive system.

Alpha Lipoic Acid   Alpha lipoic acid is sometimes referred to as the "universal antioxidant," because it is soluble in both fat and water.

Alpha-Tocopherol   Tocopherol is a general term that describes Vitamin E. There are 8 known Vitamin E isomers, these include alpha, beta, delta and gamma tocopherols and tocotrienols. When the letter "d" appears before alpha-Tocopherol, it means that the vitamin E is all natural. If there is a "dl" before alpha-Tocopherol, it is a synthetic vitamin E, which is less expensive to create and some believe that it is not as bioavailable as the natural form. Natural Vitamin E may be more bioavailable than synthetic (dl), tocopherols.

Amino Acids, Essential   There are nine amino acids that the body either cannot produce at all or cannot make in sufficient quantity to meet its needs. They are: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine.

Amino Acids, Non-essential   These amino acids are considered nonessential due to the fact that they can be made in the body from the essential amino acids. They are: alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, hydroxyproline, proline, serine and tyrosine.

Amino Acids   A group of nitrogen containing, carbon-based organic compounds that serve as the building blocks from which protein and muscle are made. All of the amino acids are important in the production of new protein or in some other metabolic process, but from a nutritional standpoint some are considered "essential" and others "non-essential."

Anabolism   The building up of the body's substance; the constructive phase of metabolism.

Anaerobic   Exercise during which the energy needed is provided without use of inspired oxygen. The type of exercise is limited to short bursts of vigorous activity.

Anemia   A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin or in total blood volume.

Antioxidants   Antioxidants are nutrients that play a vital role in cellular health. Cells are vulnerable to a process called oxidation. Antioxidants are fighter nutrients in the oxidative process that find and "quench" free radicals before they can begin their damaging reaction. Schizandra Plus combines the natural antioxidant power of schizandra berries, with vitamins C, E beta carotene and the mineral selenium, to help support and protect good health. Rose Ox includes the antioxidant properties of rosemary, cruciferous vegetables and other herbs, to help ensure an adequate intake of these vital nutrients. . Antioxidant nutrients include vitamins C and E, beta-Carotene, the mineral selenium, proanthocyanidin (or OPC's from grape seed extract) and pycnogenol.

Anxiety   A vague feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness or dread, the source of which is nonspecific or unknown to the individual. A certain amount of anxiety is normal but excess anxiety may interfere with efficient functioning of the individual. To relieve symptoms of anxiety try our Relax Now.

Arginine   Is an amino acid essential for protein formation and is also important for maintaining proper vascular tone. Our Nite Works is an excellent source of argenine.

Arteriosclerosis   A disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls. Some risk factors include age, familial disposition, sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, smoking and obesity.

Arthritis   Inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and, frequently, changes in structure. To relieve symptoms of arthritis and help rebuild joint tissue try our Joint Support.

Atherosclerosis   The most common form of arteriosclerosis, marked by cholesterol-lipid-calcium deposits in arterial linings.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)   This substance is found in all cells, but particularly in muscle cells. When it is split by enzyme action, energy is produced. The energy of the muscle is stored in this compound.

Beta-Carotene   A pigment found in many dark, green, leafy and yellow vegetables and fruit. It is a non-toxic precursor to vitamin A in humans. It is known to have biological activity as an antioxidant and is one of the best known phytonutrients. Unlike Vitamin A, beta -Carotene is not toxic in large doses. beta-Carotene is a precursor to Vitamin A, which is essential for normal vision. beta-Carotene helps protect cells from the action of free radicals and is converted to Vitamin A in the body.

Betaine hydrochloride   Aids in digestion. It is not an enzyme although it is often used with enzymes. It is a crystalline substance containing 23% hydrochloric acid. It is found in beets and other plants. It also helps to form the amino acid methionine.

Bilberry   Bilberry is derived from the berry-like fruit common European shrub similar to blueberry. It contains flavonoid compounds, known as anthocyansides, which stimulate circulation and help promote healthy eye function. Our Ocular Defense is an excellent source of bilberry.

Bioavailability   The rate and extent to which an active drug or metabolite enters the general circulation. It is determined by the measurement of the concentration of the drug in body fluids. Our Bulk & Muscle formula has the highest bioavailability of any protein suppliment.

Bioflavonoids   Any of a group of biologically active substances found in plants and functioning in the maintenance of the walls of small blood vessels in mammals.

Biotin   One of the B-vitamins that functions as a co-enzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. The biotin co-enzyme also serves in crucial roles in the breakdown of amino acids. Deficiency of the vitamin can result in hair loss and dermatitis, thus it is found as a popular ingredient in hair care products.

Black Cohosh   Grows in wooded areas stretching from the great lakes to the southern Smoky Mountains and westward to the Mississippi River. Black Cohosh was introduced into medicinal use by the Native Americans. Clinical studies support the safety and effective use of the black cohosh to reduce hot flashes, irritability and other conditions associated with menopause. Our Woman's Choice contains black cohosh to help promote hormonal balance.

Borage Oil   Contains two important essential fatty-acids-Linoleic acid and Gamma-linolenic Acid. Fatty acids are components of the cellular membrane and are important for numerous functions including the immune system

Boron   Research suggests that this nutrient may be needed in the metabolism of calcium, magnesium, copper, phosphorus and Vitamin D. Bones contain the highest concentrations of boron. Vegetables are the best food source of boron, but levels vary based on the amount of boron in the soil. Boron can also be acquired through dairy products, fish and meat.

Bran (oat)   Bran is one form of fiber. Fiber helps maintain healthy lower intestinal function and healthy blood cholesterol levels.

Buffered   Buffered Vitamin C combines Vitamin C with calcium ascorbate to create a formula that is gentle to sensitive stomachs.

Calcium   The most abundant mineral in the body and its primary function is to build strong bones and teeth and to maintain a balanced level in the blood. Blood calcium levels are essential to life. When we don't consume enough calcium in our diet to maintain sufficient levels, the mineral is drawn from our bones. So even though most of the calcium is housed in our bones, the blood and cellular concentrations of this mineral are maintained first. This combined with the fact that calcium absorption becomes less efficient with age is a major contributor to osteoporosis. Our Xtra-Cal provides a concentrated source of calcium to build strong bones. According the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel on Optimal Calcium Intake, the recommended daily allowance of calcium is 1200-1500 mg.

Carbohydrates   The sugars and starches in food. Sugars are called simple carbohydrates and found in such foods as fruit and table sugar. Complex carbohydrates are composed of large numbers of sugar molecules joined together and are found in grains, legume and vegetables such as potatoes, squash and corn.

Carnitine   This compound plays a central role in lipid metabolism. L-Carntine transports long chain fatty acids into the "mitochondria," the cell's energy factories. Carnitine is stored in skeletal muscle. Carnitine regulates the function of enzymes involved in energy production. Carnitine is a non essential amino acid.

Cartilage   Specialized fibrous connective tissue that forms the skeleton of an embryo and much of the skeleton in an infant. As the child grows, the cartilage becomes bone. In adults, cartilage is present in and around joints and makes up the primary skeletal structure in some parts of the body, such as the ears and tip of the nose.

Catabolism   The destructive phase of metabolism. It includes all the processes in which complex substances are converted into simpler ones, usually with the release of energy.

Cat's Claw   It is a wild-growing vine found in the peruvian rain forest. Historically, it has been used by the natives of Peru to aid the digestive and immune system. Modern research shows that certain types of cat's claw have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.

Cayenne (Capsicum)   The fruit of pepper plants.

Cayenne   Is both an herb and a spice obtained from the dried, ground fruit of various hot chili peppers. Popular use of Cayenne as a digestive and circulatory stimulant dates back as early as the late 1700's in the United States. Today, it is used as the source of capsaicin, which is used in creams that treat pain associated with herpes-induced shingles and psoriasis. The oleoresin from red pepper is used in external OTC drugs to reduce pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

Chamomile   Also known as German Chamomile, Roman Chamomile, ground apple, wild chamomile and manzanilla. Chamomile has been widely used for centuries for its sedative properties; it has also been used as an astringent and topical pain reliever. Among chamomile's active ingredients are flavonoids, essential oil, tannic acid and tiglic acid.

Chelation   A process in which a substance, typically a mineral, binds with a protein. The mechanism may enhance the body's absorption.

Chitosan   A non-caloric marine fiber that encourages colon health by helping to speed food through the digestive system and by serving as a bulking agent. The effects of Chitosan are maximized when taken 1/2 to 1 hour before eating a fat-containing meal. As with all fiber, you should increase your consumption of water. Please note that chitosan may cause an allergic reaction in persons allergic to shellfish.

Cholesterol   A waxy, fat-like substance manufactured in the liver and found in all tissues. In foods, only animal products contain cholesterol. An elevated blood level of cholesterol constitutes an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease.

Choline   A component of phosphatidylcholine, a component of lecithin, found in soy and other foods. It is important for cell membrane function and signaling between nerve cells. It is necessary for fat and cholesterol metabolism.

Chondroitin sulfate   The most abundant mucopolysaccharide in the body. It is synthesized in significant amounts but the concentration declines with the normal aging process. It acts as the flexible connecting matrix between tough protein filaments in cartilage to form a polymeric system similar to reinforced rubber. It makes up many body tissues including cartilage, tendons, ligaments, skin, mucus and structures in the eyes. Along with regular exercise, chondroitin sulfate and certain other dietary ingredients may be helpful in maintaining joint health.

Chromium Picolinate   Supplementation, along with proper diet and exercise, may help reduce body fat and increase lean body mass in some moderately obese people. It is essential for carbohydrate (sugar), fat protein metabolism. Chromium is an essential element that helps insulin work more effectively and improves glucose tolerance in some individuals.  A blend of natural ingredients including Gymnema sylvestre, Garcinia cambogia, and chromium polynicotinate Snack Defense works all day to reduce the desire for sweets while it helps prevent the urge to snack between meals. .

Chromium   An essential mineral that is found in many unrefined foods including Brewer's yeast, calf liver, wheat germ, nuts and cheese. Chromium is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and may help regulate blood glucose availability.

Citric acid   A naturally occurring acid in citrus type fruits and berries. Stabilizes the pH value of the skin. Citric acid exhibits astringent and antioxidant properties.

CLA (Conjugated linoleic acid)   CLA is a fatty acid that is present in dairy products, beef, poultry, and eggs. At this time, research on CLA focuses on its role in cellular health and metabolism.

Cod Liver Oil   A natural source of Vitamins A and D and Omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids help maintain healthy cardiovascular function by promoting normal triglyceride levels and vascular tone. Omega-3 fatty acids help reduce stickiness of red blood cells, thereby promoting healthy circulation. Herbalifeline is an excellent way to supplement your daily intake of the omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Coenzyme   An enzyme activator often composed of non-protein substances; like vitamins.

Colloid   A substance (as gelatin, albumin, or starch) dispersed through another medium. Colloidal means that one substance is suspended in another.

Copper   The body contains about 100mg of this trace mineral, which is stored in the liver. It serves as a constituent of enzymes, which function in a number of capacities, such as in the oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron, manufacturing of collagen and the healing of wounds. Copper is also involved in respiration and the release of energy.

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)   Also called Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). CHD is a condition that results when the coronary arteries are narrowed by atherosclerotic deposits of fibrous and fatty tissue. Coronary artery disease is the most common underlying cause of cardiovascular disability and death. Men are affected about four times as frequently as women. Risk factors include hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes and adverse reactions to mental stress. After menopause women are also at risk.

Cranberry   The American Cranberry, also known as the trailing swap cranberry, is typically used as aid in maintaining healthy urinary tract. It inhibits the adhesion of E. coli bacteria to the wall of the ureter, preventing infection. Our Triple Berry provides the benefits of cranberries without the sugar and calories of cranberry drinks.

Creatine   A substance made up of three amino acids: methionine, arginine and glycine. A small amount is produced in the liver and stored in your muscles. It is used to make creatine phosphate, a substance that helps support the ATP refueling process, which provides energy. This high-energy phosphate is great for bodybuilders and serious athletes because it provides support for energy production.

Cysteine   Is a principal source of sulfur on the diet which is found in skin and nails. Cysteine is a main source of sulfhydryl groups in many proteins in cells. It plays an important role in glutathione structure that acts as a reductant and is scavenger of free radicals. It is also a part of glutathione peroxides, the enzyme that protects against lipid peroxides in the body.

Depression   A mental disorder marked by an altered mood. There is loss of interest in all usually pleasurable outlets such as food, sex, work, friends, hobbies or entertainment.

Dextrose   A simple sugar of the monosaccharose group; a crystalline solid that can be made by the action of acids on starches.

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)   This Omega-3 fatty acid is a major structural component of brain, nerve and retinal membranes. DHA is transformed to newborn babies through breast milk. This fatty acid plays a unique role in fetus development and is extremely important during the first few months of life.

DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone)   This is the most abundant hormone. It is a precursor to other hormones. Like other hormones, the production of DHEA decreases with age.

Diabetes   A condition characterized by the body's inability to produce enough insulin to use it properly. Diabetes is found in two forms: Insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent.

Dicalcium phosphate   A compound used as a source as calcium to supplement the diet.

DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol)   Precursor to neurotransmitters, which are substances released into the body, permitting the nervous system and the muscles to function properly. DMAE is naturally present in fish.

Dong Quai   A favorite Chinese herb for women, is derived from the root of Chinese angelica. It is used primarily in formulas for its anti-spasmodic and related menstrual functions. Don Quai should not be taken during pregnancy.  Tang Kuei Plus includes tang kuei root, with chamomile for premenstrual and menstrual challenges.